![]() Like a muscle, it appears to be fatigued in the short run and strengthened in the long run by exercise. Self-control is subject to "momentum effects": the more it is successfully practiced in a given arena, the easier subsequent practice usually becomes, and vice versa. Self-control is correlated with, but not identical with, capacity for focused attention. Biological research is under way: the prefrontal cortex is heavily involved alcohol reduces self-control serotonin may increase it. Performance tests provide ingenious methods of measuring it, and they have some advantages over questionnaires. ![]() It is stable enough to be considered an enduring trait or skill, but not immutable. Self-control is also a crucial, and often missing, ingredient for success in most treatment programs. Self-control difficulties are of central importance for many psychiatric disorders. To prove his self-control he often slept and bathed naked with other women including a grandniece and the wife of his grandnephew, who were both 18 when they started sleeping in the same bed. However, he also practiced celibacy in his marriage. Gandhi’s silence on the 1945 bombings suggests how he transformed a tragedy. ![]() Selected research is summarized along with some conclusions from clinical practice. As mentioned, Gandhi’s sexual perversions were, according to him, a means to resist carnal temptation. In 1920 he launches a noncooperation campaign against Britain, urging Indians to spin their own. He works to reconcile all classes and religious sects, especially Hindus and Muslims. Theory and research on self-control were reviewed. In 1919 Gandhi becomes a leader in the Indian National Congress political party.
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